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Ohio - Proficiency - May 05 - Science

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  • How long would a complete day (day and night) on Earth be if it did NOT spin on its axis?

    24 hours
    1 month
    3 months
    1 year


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  • Most scientists believe that Earth’s crust is composed of plates. There are two kinds of crust. Oceanic crust is more dense, on average, than continental crust. Accordingly, what would most likely happen if a plate of oceanic crust and a plate of continental crust collided?

    The oceanic crust would sink below the continental crust.
    The oceanic crust would ride above the continental crust.
    The continental crust would sink below the oceanic crust.
    The continental crust would become thinner than the oceanic crust.


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  • In a food web, some animals can be classified as omnivores; that is, they eat both plants and animals. Which of the following animals in the figure below is an omnivore?

    rabbit
    partridge
    fox
    caterpillar


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  • Three cans, one empty, one half-full, and one full of water, all fall from a wall at the same time. Which can will hit the ground first,

    The full can will land first.
    The half-full can will land first.
    The empty can will land first.
    All three will land at the same time.


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  • You are conducting an experiment in which you add an unknown solution to red cabbage water. What can you say about the unknown solution if it turns the water green?

    Its basic qualities are inferred
    Its acidic qualities are inferred
    Its basic qualities are observed.
    Its acidic qualities are observed.


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  • Which of the following could you determine about an unknown liquid using only red cabbage water as a measuring device?

    The liquid is hydrochloric acid.
    The liquid has a pH of 2.5.
    The liquid has a pH of 3.
    The liquid is an acid.


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  • Rainwater containing a high percentage of H+ ions may occur because of certain types of pollutants. Using red cabbage water, what results would you expect to find if you tested a pond water sample from an area that receives a lot of this type of rain?

    The cabbage water will turn blue and then green.
    The cabbage water will be neutralized.
    The cabbage water will take on a reddish color.
    The cabbage water will become more basic.


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  • Which of the following cities shown in Figure A had the highest average annual temperature between 1931 and 1960?

    Wauseon
    Greenville
    Woodsfield
    Ironton


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  • According to Figure B, what was the average annual precipitation in Mount Vernon during this time frame?

    < 32 inches
    32–36 inches
    36– 40 inches
    > 40 inches


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  • Which of the following conclusions about average annual precipitation in West Union is supported by Figure B?

    Between 1931 and 1960, West Union received most of its annual precipitation in the summer.
    Between 1931 and 1960, West Union received most of its annual precipitation in the winter.
    Between 1931 and 1960, West Union had an average annual precipitation of greater than 40 inches.
    Between 1931 and 1960, West Union had a lower average annual precipitation than any other city shown in Figure B.


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  • On June 22, you talk to a friend who lives near the tip of South America (about 45°S) about the weather and seasons. Compared to South America, the days in Ohio (about 40°N) are

    warmer, longer, and have more direct sunlight.
    warmer, shorter, and have less direct sunlight.
    colder, longer, and have more direct sunlight.
    colder, shorter, and have less direct sunlight.


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  • Which of the following would most likely occur if Earth’s axis was not tilted with respect to its orbit around the sun?

    A year would be significantly longer than 365.25 days.
    Winters everywhere would be colder than they are now.
    Seasonal weather changes would be less severe than they are now.
    Earth would rotate much faster than it does now.


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  • If you were visiting a friend in Ecuador (a country on the equator), about how many hours of sunlight would you see each day?

    1 hour
    12 hours
    18 hours
    24 hours


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  • Theoretically, precession will cause Earth’s axis to be tilted in the opposite direction 13,000 years from now. So, 13,000 years from now, in which season would people in the United States most likely be celebrating the Fourth of July?

    spring
    summer
    fall
    winter


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  • According to the information provided, the function of the heart is to

    carry oxygen.
    carry carbon dioxide
    make blood
    pump blood.


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  • Dolphins and whales are mammals that live in the oceans. Dolphins and whales differ from fish in which of the following ways?

    Dolphins and whales extract oxygen from the water with their gills.
    Dolphins and whales must surface to use their lungs.
    Fish must surface to use their gills.
    Fish extract oxygen from the water with their lungs.


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  • Which of the following generalizations is true of all vertebrate animals?

    They have lungs and breathe air.
    They have gills and breathe air.
    They use oxygen in energy production and give off carbon dioxide.
    They use carbon dioxide in energy production and give off oxygen.


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  • From the information provided, you would expect that the air entering the lungs, compared to air leaving the lungs, contains

    more oxygen and carbon dioxide.
    more oxygen and less carbon dioxide.
    less oxygen and carbon dioxide.
    less oxygen and more carbon dioxide.


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  • According to the figure, what was the total charge on the balloon after you rubbed it on your hair?

    positive
    negative
    neutral
    negative on the outside, positive on the inside


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  • Which of the following diagrams best shows the direction of the forces between a positive and a negative charge?


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  • Some people used to believe that electricity was a fluid that flowed from one object to another. A positive object has more electricity; a negative object has less electricity. According to this idea, what would happen if a positive and negative object touched?

    Electricity would flow from negative to positive.
    Electricity would flow from positive to negative.
    Electricity would flow from negative to positive, then from positive to negative.
    Electricity would not flow between the objects.


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  • What would be the expected reading on the spring scale as the cart is pulled up an inclined plane set upon two books?

    10 N
    30 N
    40 N
    80 N


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  • Which of the following statements best describes the data shown in the table?

    Decreasing the height of the inclined plane increases the weight of the cart.
    Decreasing the height of the inclined plane decreases the I.M.A. of the inclined plane.
    Increasing the height of the inclined planedecreases the weight of the cart.
    Increasing the height of the inclined plane decreases the I.M.A. of the inclined plane.


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  • Which of the following factors remained constant throughout the study?

    length of the inclined plane
    I.M.A. of the inclined plane
    height of the inclined plane
    number of books used


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  • According to the table, which of the following pairs of organelles/structures was found in both plant and animal cells?

    vacuole and chloroplast
    cell wall and nucleus
    plasma membrane and nucleus
    cell wall and chloroplast


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  • According to the table, which pond organism, if any, was an animal?

    pond organism #1
    pond organism #2
    pond organisms #1 and #2
    neither pond organism


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  • The students need to develop a classification scheme to distinguish plant and animal cells. The presence of which of the following structures/organelles would be most useful for this purpose?

    cell wall
    vacuole
    plasma membrane
    nucleus


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  • While performing the experiment, the student should NOT have I. used a constant temperature. II. touched the wires while the circuit was closed. III. used frayed wires.

    I only
    I and II only
    II and III only
    I, II, and III


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  • Suppose the student looked at four new wires—one made of aluminum, one of tungsten, one of nichrome, and one of copper. Each wire is 30 cm long with a cross-sectional area of 0.5 mm². Which of these wires would have the LEAST resistance?

    tungsten
    nichrome
    aluminum
    copper


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  • The wires that glow in a toaster when the toaster is on are often made of nichrome. Based on the results shown in the table, why is nichrome a good choice for toaster wire?

    Nichrome wire provides less resistance than the other kinds of wire and thus generates more heat than the other kinds of wire.
    Nichrome wire provides less resistance than the other kinds of wire and thus generates less heat than the other kinds of wire.
    Nichrome wire provides more resistance than the other kinds of wire and thus generates less heat than the other kinds of wire.
    Nichrome wire provides more resistance than the other kinds of wire and thus generates more heat than the other kinds of wire.


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  • Satellites in space transmit information around the world using radio waves instead of sound waves. Based on the information given in the passage and table, which of the following could be a reason why sound waves CANNOT be used?

    There are very high temperatures in space.
    The material in space is tightly packed.
    There is no water in space.
    The material in space is very spread out.


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  • For the solids listed in Table A, which of the following seems to be true about the relationship between density and the speed of sound?

    As density increases, the speed of sound appears to decrease
    As density increases, the speed of sound appears to increase.
    As density decreases, the speed of sound appears to increase.
    There is no apparent relationship between density and the speed of sound.


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  • A scientist receives information about an unknown solid. The information says that sound travels through this solid at about 4,700 m/sec. Using only Table A, the scientist concludes that the solid is glass because it has the closest sound speed to the unknown material. Which of the following is the best response to this conclusion?

    It is correct; the material must be glass.
    The material is stainless steel, not glass.
    The material is brick, not glass.
    There are many materials that are not in the table.


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  • Sound travels most slowly through which of the solids listed in Table A?

    stainless steel
    cork
    brick
    glass


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  • The table shows the energy required to move an individual a distance of 1 km by various means. Based on the table, what would be the most energy-efficient way for a person to cross Ohio?

    plane
    car
    train
    bus


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  • The shape of a bird’s beak is adapted to the type of food the bird eats. Which of the following beak characteristics is LEAST likely to adapt (change over time) in response to a change in food availability in the environment?

    color
    thickness
    curvature
    length


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  • A student is boiling water as part of an experiment on phases of matter. Which of the following events could be a direct observation and NOT an inference?

    the thermometer reading 100°C
    heat being absorbed by the water
    water molecules breaking apart into oxygen and hydrogen atoms
    water molecules moving so rapidly that they escape from the liquid


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  • You want to demonstrate the reaction between a small amount of magnesium and oxygen. Your teacher tells you that a large amount of heat and light result from this exothermic reaction. Which of the following safety equipment is NOT needed?

    ice, to keep the reaction cool
    goggles, to protect your eyes
    gloves, to protect your hands from burns
    chemical fire extinguisher, to protect from accidental fire


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