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OH - Proficiency - March 2005 - Science - Grade 9

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  • Inertia refers to the tendency of an object at rest to stay at rest, or an object in uniform motion to stay in uniform motion, unless force is applied to the object. Assume that a passenger is riding in a car and the driver of that car suddenly slams on the brakes. Which of the following best explains why it is a good idea for a passenger to wear a seat belt?

    Inertia will keep a passenger moving forward at the same speed as the car before the brakes were applied.
    Inertia will cause the speed of a passenger to decrease.
    Inertia will cause the speed of a passenger to increase.
    Inertia will cause a passenger at rest inside the car to move toward the back of the car.


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  • Suppose you are viewing animal cells on the high-power setting of a compound light microscope (magnification of 430X). Which of the following would be the most appropriate unit of measure for estimating the size of the cells?

    liters
    milligrams
    meters
    micrometers


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  • Cattle egrets are large, white birds that feed on the insects living in the grass and on the insects and parasites on the backs of cows. From this information one would conclude that

    egrets, not cows, benefit from this interaction.
    cows, but not egrets, benefit from this interaction.
    both cows and egrets benefit from this interaction.
    neither cows nor egrets benefit from this interaction.


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  • Which color of paper was always observed to be the same color as the filter?

    white
    red
    blue
    green


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  • What happened when the filter on the flashlight and the paper were the same color?

    The paper looked white.
    The paper looked black.
    The paper looked the same color as the filter.
    The paper looked the opposite color of the filter.


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  • Which of the following may be inferred on the basis of the results shown in the table?

    White light is composed of red, blue, and green colors.
    White light passes through colored paper.
    White light causes red paper to appear black.
    White light causes white paper to appear red.


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  • On which of the following points would Newton and Aristotle agree?

    Objects at rest on Earth will stay at rest if no force acts on them.
    Objects on Earth and objects in space follow different rules of motion.
    The natural state of objects on Earth is to be at rest.
    Objects in motion on Earth will stay in motion if no force acts on them.


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  • Smoke from a fire rises. How would Aristotle explain the motion of the smoke, if at all?

    The hot air rises through the surrounding cooler air, taking the smoke with it.
    The natural motion of smoke is to fall to Earth.
    The smoke is moving to where it belongs in the universe.
    Aristotle would not be able to explain the motion of the smoke.


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  • A box slides across a wooden surface and comes to a stop. The same box then slides across a surface of ice, beginning with the same speed it had when it started sliding across the wooden surface. The box slides much farther across the ice before stopping than it did across the wooden surface. How would Newton explain this difference?

    The wooden surface applies a greater force to the box than does the ice, which slows the box to a stop in a shorter distance.
    The ice applies a greater force to the box than does the wooden surface, which keeps the box moving for a greater distance.
    The wooden surface applies a smaller force to the box than does the ice, increasing the speed of the box so that it travels a greater distance.
    The ice applies a smaller force to the box than does the wooden surface, which slows the box to a stop in a shorter distance on ice.


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  • Which of the following units of measure should be used to determine the force the fan exerts upon this Ping-Pong ball?

    liters
    grams
    seconds
    Newtons


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  • What would happen if the commutator were not working?

    The Ping-Pong ball would float even higher.
    The electromagnet would reverse polarity at regular intervals.
    The fan blade would spin too rapidly because of the increased charge.
    The fan blade would not spin because the polarity of the magnet would not change.


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  • Since this Ping-Pong ball does NOT fall into the fan, the upward force acting on the ball equals

    the velocity of the Ping-Pong ball.
    the downward force due to gravity.
    the downward force of air pressure.
    the amount of energy used to power the fan.


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  • Which best describes the energy transformations in this system?

    chemical → mechanical → electromagnetic
    mechanical → electrochemical → physical
    chemical → electromagnetic → mechanical
    electromagnetic → mechanical → chemical


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  • The figure shows a simplified food web. The arrows show the direction that energy flows through the food web. Based on this figure, you would conclude that animals, unlike plants,

    can make their own food.
    must eat other organisms to obtain energy.
    are eaten by other organisms.
    require energy to survive.


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  • Aside from the hummingbird, what else can ensure genetic variability in this plant’s population?

    wind
    short stems
    the nitrogen cycle
    asexual reproduction


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  • The stamen and the pistil of this plant are included in what system?

    nervous
    digestive
    respiratory
    reproductive


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  • A species of plant that is more attractive to hummingbirds is introduced into the region where the established species grows. What fundamental function of life of the established species would be affected?

    energy use
    reproduction
    predator avoidance
    acquisition of food


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  • Which diagram represents a cell found in a flower?

    A
    B
    C
    D


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  • According to the figure, how long did it take from their first appearance in the Great Lakes before zebra mussels invaded the Ohio River and Indian Lake?

    1 year
    2 years
    3 years
    4 years


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  • According to the information given, what possible long-term effect will the zebra mussel most likely have on aquatic (water) ecosystems in the United States that it has invaded?

    It will die out from lack of food and have no effect.
    It will migrate out of ecosystems, and the ecosystems will return to normal.
    It will increase the number of native species in the ecosystems.
    It will cause some native species to become endangered or extinct.


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  • According to the figure, in which of the Great Lakes were zebra mussels first sighted?

    Lake Michigan
    Lake Erie
    Lake Huron
    Lake Superior


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  • According to the information given, which of the following factors made it possible for zebra mussel populations to reach high concentrations in some bodies of water?

    a lack of predators
    a shortage of food
    pollution in the water
    an empty space in the existing food web


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  • A toy car travels down from the top of a ramp and then 40 m up a second ramp. You then put wheels twice as large on the car, but everything else remains the same. If the car again travels the same path from the top of the first ramp and up the second ramp, how high would the car climb?

    20 m
    40 m
    60 m
    160 m


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  • In the past, the water quality of the Great Lakes was very poor. Which of the following factors would help improve the quality of the water in the Great Lakes? I. regulation of the industrial chemicals that enter the lakes II. reduction of the amounts of fertilizers and pesticides used on farmland III. decreased sewage discharge into the lakes

    I only
    I and II only
    II and III only
    I, II, and III


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  • Shown is a graph showing the rate of oxygen production (a measure of photosynthesis) in a plant at various wavelengths (colors) of light. Under which of the following two ranges of wavelengths do the highest rates of photosynthesis occur?

    blue-green and yellow-orange
    purple-blue and orange-red
    purple-blue and green-yellow
    yellow-green and orange-red


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  • Which of the factors shown in the table represents a day?

    distance from sun
    time for one rotation on axis
    gravity


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  • Which one, if any, of the planets other than Earth has an atmosphere that would support life like on Earth?

    Mercury
    Venus
    Mars
    none of the planets listed


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  • Which of the following factors appears to be determined by distance from the sun?

    time for one rotation on axis
    time for one revolution around sun
    gravity
    major components of atmosphere


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  • From the information shown in the table, you would hypothesize that the length of a year for someone on Venus, compared to someone on Earth, would be

    shorter.
    longer
    about the same.
    variable.


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  • When Sarah puts a spoon in each glass to stir the mixtures, she notices a characteristic of light called refraction in which the spoon seems to

    bend in the water.
    shake in the water.
    disappear in the water.
    become smaller in the water.


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  • When Sarah is done with her experiment, she boils each mixture until the water is gone. The same amount of salt and sugar remains. This means that mixing the salt and sugar into mixtures with water caused a

    phase change.
    nuclear change.
    physical change.
    chemical change.


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  • A balance is a device which measures mass and is an advanced form of which simple machine?

    lever
    pulley
    inclined plane
    wheel and axle


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  • According to the table above, the change in average solar energy received per day during a year is greatest for which of the following latitudes?

    20° N
    30° N
    40° N
    60° N


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  • According to the table above, when is the solar energy per day most nearly the same for all latitudes listed?

    Nov–Jan
    Feb–April
    May–July
    Aug–Oct


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  • Based on the table, and ignoring other effects (air, water, land), how would you expect summers and winters to compare for locations at 20° and at 60°?

    20°: hot summer, cold winter 600: hot summer, cool winter
    20°: hot summer, warm winter 600: hot summer, cold winter
    20°: cool summer, cold winter 60°: warm summer, cool winter
    20°: hot summer, cold winter 60°: cold summer, warm winter


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  • Cincinnati is about 39° N latitude; Toledo is about 41° N latitude. Based on the table, how would the average solar energy per day compare for Cincinnati and Toledo from February–April?

    Toledo would receive slightly more solar energy per day than Cincinnati.
    Toledo would receive slightly less solar energy per day than Cincinnati.
    Cincinnati would receive slightly less solar energy per day than Toledo.
    Toledo and Cincinnati would not receive solar energy from February–April.


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©2006 gabe lerner (gabe)